organic cultivation of pigeon pea

    Today we will discuss about the organic cultivation of pigeon pea pulse.

Scientific name.   :  Cajanus cajan

      Family.            :  Fabaceae. 

    Nutrition value of pigeon pea in 100 gm.

           Fat                    :  1.5gm

           

      Sodium.                 :   17mg.

      Potassium.           :  1,392mg

     Carbohydrates      :   63gm

       Protein.               :   22gm

 In india, pigeon pea pulse is among the most lovable pulse, It also has more nutritious then any other pulse that's the reason why it is Cultivation all over the in the country. It's organic cultivation is taken place in all over the India. It's production is upto by organic cultivation is 500-700kg/ heactare. It's green fruits are used as vegetable in the diets and it's greeen leaves are feed by cattles. It's dry woods are used as bonefire so in this way it is very much useful is every way.

                Climate for it's cultivation.

    Pigeon pea's cultivation can be done in either hot and cold weather, but in hot weather it requires irrigation, in starting point plants require moisture.while in the places of heavy rainfall it's cultivation can be done more easily.

              Suitable land for cultivation.

   Generally, it's cultivation can be done in every type of soil but the most suitable soils are sandy-loamy and loamy soil, and the soil which has a good water draining capacity. The soil with the pH value of 7.0-8.0 is the most suitable for it's cultivation.

                  Preparation of farm.

After the offset of rabi crops 1st ploughing should be done by soil twisting plough and 2nd one by using simple plough, irrigate the soil and made the soil particles free so that the water draining capacity should be maintained.

     Best variety of short duration pigeon pea.

UPAS -120 This variety get ready within 120-140days.

PANT A3  This variety get ready within 120-130 days.

PRABHAT  This variety get ready within 110-120 days.

ICPL(Pragati)  This variety get ready within 120-130 days.

ICPL (Jagriti). This variety get ready within 120-130 days.

     Best variety of medium duration pigeon pea.

HY -1 This variety get ready within 160-170 days.

HY 3A. This variety get ready within 160-170 days.

HY -5    this variety get ready within 160-170 days.

AS 71-37. This variety get ready within 165-195 days.

S-20  This variety get ready within 180-190 days.

    Best variety of late duration pigeon pea.

C -11 This variety get ready within 200-220 days.

BAHAR   This variety get ready within 200-240 days.

 LAXMI.  This variety get ready within 180-240 days.

                     Time of sowing seeds.

Places which have irrigation system in that areas the seeds should be sown between 1st June to 15th June which depends on monsoon then the seeds should be sown in 1st week of July. If we sow the seeds after the month of July then the production is effected.

       

        Seeds treatment and sowing method.

Pigeon pea seeds are treated with Rhizobium culture by 5gm/kg. For this, before the sowing of seeds it is moistened with sugar and place it in shadow to get it cultured with microbes. By treatment with PSB culture , the amount of phosphorus is increased. Seeds should be sown in 4-6 cm deep hole and it's amount is dependent of it's variety used for late ripening varieties. It 20kg/heactare seeds are used. Plant-plant distance should be 120-30cm. For mid-rippening variety is required 15kg/heactare of seeds and plant-plant distance should be 90-20cm.vand for short ripening varieties is required 10-12kg/heactare of seeds and the distance of two lines should be 75-90cm and for plant-plant it should be 25-30cm and it's cultivation should always be in line-wise sequence.

       Irrigation. Usually this crops require less irrigation but by demand it's 1st irrigation should be at the time of blooming and 2nd irrigation should be done at the time of occurrence of fruits.

   Nutrition management. Generally, pulse crop do not require organic manures and compost manures as it roots goes deep inside the Earth which attach lakhs of useful microbes in them which helps in the development of the plant. You can use cow dung manure, poultry manures and earthworm manures as per demand. Before using poultry manures, we should compost it for 40-45 days. Never use raw manures because by the use of it the risk of white ants increases. When manures are being used together then it should be kept in mind that plant should get atleast 30kg/hectare of nitrogen and along with this rock phosphate should be used at the amount of 50-100kg/hectare.

                        Pest control.

1.  Pod borer:  small pod borer attracts on the green fruits and big pod borer damage fruits and flowers of the plants, they make zigzag holes in the plants. Generally,they eat tendile pods.

2. Fruit fly : from it's egg small babies come out and they attracts on growing pods and eat it by which the pods remain dwarf and by which the fruits become useless.

                      Disease control.

 Cercospora leaf spot: This make the black and brown spots on the leaves in summer these spots become too large that leaves gets wrinkle and fall down.

     

Prevention. For organic cultivation of crops use healthy seeds.

    

            2 . Mixture of cow urine and butter milk should be used in every 10days to sprinkle over crops.

                     Cutting of the crops. 

             

 Generally, according to it's varieties it's get ready in 120-240 days. The crop which is planted in November- December, that crops should be cut in the month of March-April. After cutting the fruits should be separated.

  Production. By organic cultivation we get upto 5-10% less production as compare to inorganic cultivation and if we use good variety of seeds then the production can be upto 10-15 tons/acre.