Organic cultivation of coffee

         Today we will discuss about coffee..

The birth place of coffee is Ethiopia. It is 1875 Bc crops. In india it is mainly cultivated in southern states such as Karanataka, Kerala, & Tamilnadu. These are the main cultivator of India. In india approximate per year 8200 tons is cultivated and only in this 53% is from Karanataka, 28% From Kerala and 11% from Tamilnadu is cultivated. In india about 2.5 lakhs of  people cultivate it's plants and about 90% of theme are small scale cultivators.  India stands 6th in the total coffee production. 80% of the production is exported to the world, in which 29% of the coffee is exported to Italy only. It is cultivated mainly is temperate zone. In winter it's cultivation is not helpful.

                           

                               Suitable soil.

For it's cultivation, fertility soil with high carbonic value is good for it's cultivation. The soil from the valconic eruption is also good for it's cultivation. The pH value of the soil should be 6-6.5 for it's better cultivation.

                     Climate and Temperature.

For it's cultivation little hot and wet region are best for it's cultivation, shadowy region is also good for it's cultivation. 150-200cm of rainfall is good for it's crops. More Rainfall affects it plants adversely and cold weather is not suitable for it's cultivation as it growth stops. 15%-20% celcius is most suitable for it's cultivation but it's plants can bear Temperature of 30% in summer and upto 15% celcius in winter.sudden  changes can stops it's growth and affects it's production.

                            Best varieties

1. Arabica coffee.

It is a high quality coffee and this is cultivated in india. There are many more varieties of this in india. It is cultivated in areas which are 1000-1500 metre above the sea level. It is cultivated mainly in South india.

2. Kent coffee.

                           It is one of the oldest varieties of coffee found in india. It is mostly cultivated in Kerala and it's cultivation is regarded as general.

3. S795.

It is among one of the Shankar variety which was cultivated for more productiom. It is cultivated in india and South Eastern Asian countries and this variety is known for it's taste.

4. Robesta.

It is not much affected by the disease and that's why it is cultivated mostly. In india, about 60% of the production is of the variety and it is most popular in india.

5. Wayanad robesta.

 It is most popular due to its Aroma, it is most popular outside india.it is mostly cultivated in the northern part of Kerala.

     

                   Preparation of farm.

It is mostly cultivated in hilly regions. Plough the land properly and left the farm ideally. 2nd ploughing should be done using rotavator and make the particles free from eacj other. It plants are harvested in digholes so during the last ploughing kame hole in the farm. Fill required amount of manures and fertilizers in the digholes and fill them up by the soil again, irrigate the farm properly so that the land can become plains and this is done before 1 month of harvesting.

                    Preparation of plants.

It's plants are harvested by using seeds and branches. Harvesting of plants by using seeds ia a very difficult method so it is mostly cultivated by using branches. Harvesting by using branches is done by the methods of grafting & cutting. Apart from it farmers can buy plants from any nurseries but it should be kept in mind that the plants are healthy in nature and should be 1-1.5 years old.

             Time and methods of harvesting.

Plants are harvested in digholes prepare in the farm. For this make a small hole near the digholes prepared and cover the small hole by planting plant in them. For it's growth it needs shadow so after every 4-5 plants of the row there should be a tree planted. The accurate time for it's harvesting is the ending of winter season and onset of monsoon in the month of February and March. The crops gives production after 3-4 years of their harvesting.

                                Irrigation.

It plants do not require much irrigation. 1 st irrigation should be done just after the harvesting while in winter season, when there is demand then only it should be irrigated and I'm summer it requires more water so it should be irrigated frequently.

                   Amount of fertlizer.

It's plants require more manures and fertilizers. The use of organic manure is good for it's cultivation. For this in the initial days we should fill up the digs with manures. 100gm N:P:K should be added to each plant  as the plants grows we should enhance the quantity of manures.

                             Weeds control.

The weeds in it's cultivation are controlled by natural ways. For this, after 20-25days of harvesting till the soil around the plants and after it till the land whenever you see weeds. After complete development of the crops there is demand of weeds control to upto 4-5 times a year.

                        Take care of plants.

It plant start to give production after 3-4 years of harvesting, for this there is the need to taking care in the initial stage. In the initial stage try to avoid any extra branches across 1 metre of its distance, by this the plant develops well and stem becomes strong. After the removal of fruits remove extra and infected branches.

                       Disease of the crops.

It's plants are mostly affected by insects and it is also affected by cobra. For it's prevention we should sprinkle neem oil or neem syrup over the plants.

1. Thread blight- It is seen in the monsoon season. In this the colour of leaves turns into black and eventually leaf and fruit rot and fell down, which affects the production. For it's prevention we should use organic medicines.

             Plucking of fruits and Production.

After 4-5 months of blooming it starts to give the production. It fruits are green at starting and gradually they turns into red. In many regions of the country the fruits are plucked off in the month of October-January while in Nilgiri regions, it is plucked off in the month of June. The Arabika variety gives upto 1000kg\hectare and Robesta variety gives upto 800-900kg\hectare of production.