Organic cultivation of pea

                 Today we will discuss about pea.

 It is cultivated in the either nation. It is liked by the people as vegetable and as well as a pulse. It's greeen pods are used as vegetable and dried ones are used as a pulse. It has proper amount of nutritions. It's green plants are used as fodder for cattle's.

           Scientific name.     :     Pisum sativum

                 Family               :    Fabaceae.

          Nutritional value of pea in 100gm.

              Calories.      :     81

   

              Protein.        :     5gm

                  Fat.          :     0.4gm

          Sodium.          :   0.5g

      Potassium.        :     244 mg.

    Carbohydrate.     :    44 gm

             Climate for it's cultivation.

It can be cultivated in moisten and cold region and in our country it is cultivated as Rabi crops. It requires annual rainfall of 60-80cm for it's cultivation. It crops cannot be withstand too cold conditions. It requires low temperature during it's growth and hot and dry conditions are not suitable during fruit formation. During germination the temperature should be in the range of minimum 5% celcius and Maximum 22% celcius.

                          Suitable Soil.

It can be cultivated in every soil which has a good moisture content but the best soil for it's cultivation is loamy soil and soil with ph range of 6-7.5 is also considered as a good soil for it's cultivation. Soil should have good water-draining capacity for the development of crops.

                     Preparation of land.

 Fir it's cultivation, after Kharif crops production the land should be cultivated deeply and after it 2-3 times the land should be ploughed by using simple plough. Before harvesting if there is no moisture in the soil then, the land should be irrigated.

                             Seed rate.

In 1 hectare of land upto 80-160 kgs of seeds are required and before the sowing of seeds, it should be treated with 0.25% of Captan or Thyrum. The line-line distance should be 30cm and plant-plant distance should be 5cm so that air could easily pass from them. 

                     Sowing time and methods.

The best time for it's harvesting is from October-November and it is harvested by using seed-drill machine by the help of which the seeds are sown to upto 4-5cm deep in the soil.

                           Seed treatment.

Before sowing the seeds it should be treated with Rhizobium bacteria because in majority of the places soil lacks Rhizobium bacteria in it. By this bacteria we can reduce the use of 100kgs of Nitrogen per hectare in the soil. There are two ways by which we can add Rhizobium bacteria i.e.,. if bacteria culture is not available at the time then the farm which is being used to cultivate pea for long time, it's soil can be used in the new farm and second one is , 10gm/hectare of sugar solution should be sprinkle over the seeds and then the seeds should be keep in shadowy place and let the bacteria grow on it and sow the seeds at the interval of 1-2 days after the addition of culture.

                   Manures and fertilizers.

It is a leguminous plant so it do not require much nitrogen in it. It requires upto 20-25kg of nitrogen per heactare and 50-60kg of phosphorus and 40-50 kg of potash is required. Fertlizer should be used at the distance of 5-6cm apart from the seeds and 4-5 cm deep in the soil. Apart from it, 20 tons/ heactare of cow dung is used.

                             Irrigation.

In a complete lifecycle of pea it require only 2 times of irrigation, 1st after 45 days of harvesting of seeds and 2nd after 60days after the harvesting when plants bear fruits and the irrigation should be done by using sprinkle system only.

                         Weeds control.

After 30-40 days of harvesting it should be keep protected from weeds. 2-3 times of weeds controlling is needed for it's crop, we control by chemical method should be done by Fluchlorelin in 800-900 liters of water and should be sprinkle in the land then by using harrow and cultivator mix the soil well before harvesting.

                          Disease control.

1. Powdery  mildew.

It is caused by erisaifi paligoni fungus. It affects in the cold weather and white lime like structure is observed. For it's prevention 3kg if sulfax in 1000litre of water is sprinkle in 1 heactare of land and if require it should be sprinkled twice.

2. Rust.

It is caused by euromyecige febi fungus. This affect the crops most as it destroy upto 20-30% of the crops. For it's prevention Dimethane M45 or Diethane Z78   2.75kg in 1000litres of water should be mixed and sprinkle over the plants.

                           Pest control.

1. Stem borer.

 This effect the most to the plant as it makes hole in the tendile stems by which the plants gradually dies. Adult insects attracts on the leaves by which leaves turn into yellow and dries up. For it's prevention we should use Trijophas 1 liter in 1000litres of water and should be sprinkle over the plants.

2. Afeed.

 This insects is observed in the ending of the January, adults as well as newborns attacks the leaves and suck all the juice from it and gradually make the plants dry. For it's prevention we should use Emidichloroprid 500ml in 1000litres of water and sprinkle it over the crops.

                        Plucking of fruits.

The crops cultivated in November get ready upto January. For vegetable the fruits should be plucked off at the interval of 10-12 days 3-4 times. For pulse It should be taken off when the colour of crops turn from green to yellow. Hence,it's rips.

                                Production.

 Appropriate green fruits are produced 4-5 tons/heactare. Of land and 15tons of green fodder is obtained and 3-4tons of pulse is obtained.