Organic cultivation of mustard

        Today we will discuss about mustard.

It is an oilseed, which is cultivated in the either india. it is cultivated mostly in Bihar, Punjab, Utter Pradesh, West Bengal, Rajasthan  & Gujarat. It is the main crops in the oilseeds. It is a Rabi Crop.

                    Appropriate Climate.

It is a Rabi Crop which requires cold, dry and sunny weather for it's cultivation.places with heavy rainfall are not good for it's cultivation. Soil should have proper amount of moisture in it for it's cultivation. After blooming of flowers if the weather turn into too cold and have rainfall then it is not good for the crops and there is the terror of insects in it. It cannot bear cold so it should be cultivated and cut before the onset of winter.

                           Selection of land.

 

For it's cultivation moderate fertile, loamy soil is good for it's cultivation. For the good development of crops netural soil is preferred.

                       Best variety of mustard.

PUSA BOLD this variety get ready within 110-140days and it's production is upto 2000-2500kg/heactare.and percentage of oil is 40.

RH -30 this variety get ready within 120-130 days and it's production is upto 1600-2200kg/heactare. And percentage of oil is 39.

RLM -619 This variety get ready within 140-145 days. And it's production is upto 1350-1900kg/heactare. And percentage of oil is 42.

NRCHB-506 This variety get ready within 130-140 days. And it's production is upto 1550-2550kg/ heactare. And percentage of oil is 41.

GITA This variety get ready within 145-150 days. And it's production is upto 1200-1500kg/heactare. And percentage of oil 42.

RGN-48 This variety get ready within 135-145 days. And it's production is upto 1500-2000kg/heactare. And percentage of oil is 40.     

Apart from this there are also many varieties.

                      Preparation of land.

For irrigated region the 1st ploughing should be done using soil twister and 3-3 ploughing should be done using simple plough. And the land should be irrigated after every ploughing so that the soil does not turns into pebble. It there is no moisture at the time of harvesting then we should irrigated it once and before the harvesting we should make the land free from weeds and after the last ploughing We should add 25kg of Quinalphas to the land.

                        Seeds and sowing.

If we plant the crop at a good time then we succeed in our cultivation to upto 50%. For good production We should use clean and quality seeds. For harvesting upto 25°-30° temperature is good if the temperature is high then we should delay the harvesting. The best time for harvesting is from end of September- October. For 1 heactare of land 4-5 kg of seeds are required.

                            Seed treatment.

For keeping the plants free from disease and for the accurate nitrogen fixation, the seeds should be treated with Azospaerilum culture and Microbical phosphorus culture at the rate of 5gm/kg seeds. Before sowing the seeds we mix it in the solution of sugar and keep it in shadowy region for microbial growth. To prevent the crops from Scleresia rot, 20gm of garlic should be cut minutely and mixed in water add 5kg of seeds in it for 5 to 10 minutes and dry the seeds in shadowy place and after the 50 days of harvesting when flowers bloom then again this garlic solution should be sprinkle over the plants.

                       Method of harvesting.

  It's sowing is done by ridger seeder in line and this should be kept that seeds do not get contact with the fertlizer for this fertilizers should be added at the depth of 7-8cm and the seeds should be moisten with water. If it rains just after the harvesting then the seeds should be sowed again. For good production the moisture content of the soil should be 10-12%.

                              Irrigation.

It requires 2 time of irrigation in the entire phase of the crops. 1st irrigation should be done after 20-25 days when it starts to blooms and 2nd irrigation should be done at the time when it is about to bear fruits.

                              weeds control.

When the crops become 20-25 days old then there is the need of controlling weeds. For the removal of weeds we should use spud and it requires only 2-3 times of controlling of weeds in this crops.

                           Insects control.

1. Diamondback moth.

 In this whitish patches due to scrapping of epidermal leaf tissues by young larvae. The leaves gives withered apperance but in later stages larvae bore holes in the leaves. Leaves may be eaten up completely. It also bores into podes and feeds developing seed. It can be prevented by collection and careful destruction of the larvae at the gregarious stage at least twice a week. Conserve cotesia plutellae as it is an important parasitoid for diamond black moth. Diadegma insulare is also the most important parasitoid of the diamond black moth.

2. Leaf Webber.

Symptoms of damage newly hatched larvae initially on the chlorophyll of young leaves and later on older leaves buds and pods make webbing and live within severaly attacked plants are defoliated. Seeds in the pods are eaten away.

3. Mustard saw fly.

It's symptoms are initially the larva nibbles leaves, later it feeds from the margins towards the midrib. The grubs cause numerous shot holes and even riddled the either larva by voracious feeding. It can be prevented by summer ploughing to destroy the pups,early sowing should be done, maintain clean cultivation,apply irrigation in seeding stage is very crucial for sawfly management because most of the larvae die due to drowning effect. Servere cold reduce pest load. Collection and destroyed of grubs of saw fly in morning and evening.

                       Disease control.

1. Mosaic.

 It is caused by dur to virus and it can be damage the production upto 40-50% . For it's prevention we should eliminate and burn down the infected plants and 5 litres of neem water in 100 litre of water should be mixed and sprinkle over the crops.

2. Mold infected disease.

 It is infected by moulde, white spots are seen on the leaves. By this the amount of oil decrease in plants. For it's prevention Eliminate the infected plants.

                       Cutting and production.

It plants ripped from January- February when the 75%of the plants get ripen then the crop should be cut dawn as when the crops rip excess then it start to fell down. Cutting should be done in the morning as the crops is moisten by the fog which keep the moisture content of the crops. In 1 heactare upto 1.5- 2 tons crops are produced.