About Tea

              Today we will discuss about Tea.

       Scientific name     :     Camellia sinensis

            Family               :     Theaceae

           Genus               :      Camellia

           Kingdom          :     Plantar

In india,tea production had started in British Time. Today ,27% of the total tea production is done by the India and it is the 2nd most country to produce tea in the world. It is used as a beverage and it is useful for our health and it is 2nd most beverage to be consumed after the water in the either world. Tea is consumed most in india across the world. Tea has a large amount of caffeine in it. It's cultivation as business material was started in Assam, and gradually it's cultivation has been started in Northern East to Southern India. Hot weather is required for it's cultivation.

   

                           Suitable land.

For it's cultivation acidic soil is needed which ph value range from 5.4-6. In India it is cultivated in hilly regions and soil with  good water draining capacity.

                    Temperature and climate.

It is a tropical evergreen plants. For it's cultivation hot area along with good rainfall are the most suitable ones. It's plants grow well in dry and rainy soil. It requires shadowy areas as they grow well in it. Sudden change in climate is critical for the crops. It plants survive well in temperature of 20°-30° celcius. Plants can bear upto maximum 35° & minimum 15° celcius.

          

                          Variety of tea.

1. China species-  It plants are bushier in appearance. It leaves are smooth and straight. These varities grow seeds in a quick time. If the selection of seeds and branches is done carefully them, we can grow a good quality crops in large quantity.

2. Assam species- This variety is the best in the world. It's leaves are lightly greenish in colour and they have tendile and glossy leaves on them which have sharp edges. This variety is used for the  Re-harvesting of the crops.

3. Kangda species- It is cultivated in Himachal Pradesh. The plucking of the leaves of these variety is done in the month of April- October. It's leaves are generally used for the manufacturer of green tea.

4. White pyoni- This variety is cultivated mainly in China. These are harvested by using buds and leaves of the plants. This variety has strong taste and it is diluted in the water.

                           Types of tea.

There are mainly three types of tea in the world; Green tea, Black tea, & white tea.

1. Green tea.

 

It is prepare by using raw leaves of the plants. It has good amount of antioxidants in it and many types of tea's are made from it.

2. Black tea.

It is used in every house. It is in the form of granules, by the help of which many types of tea are made. For the making of these tea, the leaves are plucked and curled to make it in granules.

3. White tea. 

This is prepared by using soft and fresh leaves. This is sweet in taste. It has less quantity of caffeine and more amount of antioxidants in it.

                          Prepration of farm.

 In india, it is cultivated in hilly regions. It is harvested in rows by rows making holes. Hole-hole distance should be approx.1 meter and the distance between two rows should be 1-1.5 Meter. After making digs, appropriate amount of manures and fertilizers are added in it and after the duration of 1 month the seeds are harvested in it.

                     Preparation of plants.

It can be harvested either by seeds or branches. For harvesting by using seeds , the plants are cultivated in nurseries for this seeds should be treated and nurseries should have a farm which should be treated with manures and fertilizers. It's is then cultivated in rows by keeping distance of 5-7 cm. When plants attain the height of 1 feet then they ready for harvesting. For the preparation of plants by using Branches, Cutting,of plants are used which should be atleast 15Cm in length, boil it in hot water and dry it out and dip it in routine hormone and place it in the moisten land and cover it up. After 1week , plants germination.

      Time of harvesting and harvesting methods.

When the plants are ready for harvesting then the digs prepared by using manures & fertilizers, then we should make a small dig and plants the seeds or branches in them by using spud. It crops are harvested after the rainfall , so the accurate time for it's cultivation is October- November. During this duration the plants grow easily and accurately.

                                Irrigation.

Usually, tea is cultivated at the places with high rainfall. For it's cultivation it requires shadowy region. If temperature raise and there is no Rainfall then it should be irrigated by the use of fountains.

            Amount of manures and fertilizers.

It crops require more manures and fertilizers. For this , when we prepare digs for it then we should add dry cow dung in it and in per heactare we should add 120kg Nitrogen , 90kg phosphate, & 90kg potassium. This amount should given after every plucking. If there is deficiency of sulphur, then we should add Gypsum at the starting of the cultivation.

 

                           Weeds control.

In its cultivation the weeds are controlled are manually. For this after 20-25 days of harvesting of crops we should start it doing manually. In the 1st year of cultivation there is need of too much care and in the 2nd & 3rd year this should be done for only 3-4 times.

                            Dieseas Control.

The crops are effected by many dieseas which can be controlled be taking care of the crops on time. Take care of the crops on time can stop the loss in production. 

 Main dieseas of tea crops are as follows:- 

1. Bacteria dieseas-   Bacteria canker,  Bacteria Shoot blight, Crown gall.

2. Fungal disease-.   Anthracnose, Armillaria root rot, Bird's eye spots, Black blight, Black roots, Black rot, Brown spots.

                      Plucking of leaves.

After 1 year of harvesting of the crops they get ready to get plucked off. The plucking of leaves is done 3 times a year. 1st plucking is done in the month of March. And after 3 months it gets ready again for plucking. Due to heavy cold their growth stops amd after plucking in October & November, it is plucked in the month of April.

                           Production.

From the various varieties of tea the production is between 600-800kg/ heactare.